I became an ordained minister 31 years ago. Since then, I have led or assisted in almost two hundred communion services. In most of them I read the “words of institution,” as they are found in 1 Corinthians 11:23-32. Not until a couple of years ago, did I come to question what I thought was it meant, 27-32
Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. A man ought to examine himself before he eats of the bread and drinks of the cup. For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body of the Lord eats and drinks judgment on himself. That is why many among you are weak and sick, and a number of you have fallen asleep. But if we judged ourselves, we would not come under judgment. When we are judged by the Lord, we are being disciplined so that we will not be condemned with the world.
Let’s face it--how many people have you known who have gotten sick or died because of communion? How can communion make you sick?
Yet here it is in the Bible. According to Paul, communion caused some to be sick and others to “fall asleep” that is, to die.
One interpretation is that if we take communion with a guilty conscience we are cursed by it. But I have known many unrepentant sinners to take communion, yet none of them have gotten sick by it. Besides, if sinlessness were required for communion, none of us should take it.
Another explanation is that if we take it without understanding we are guilty. But again, there are ignorant people in every church. Some whole denominations misinterpret communion, in my opinion yet you don’t see them getting sick because of it.
Here’s where I think we have it wrong. The ritual of communion was in Paul’s day very different from what it is today. In the early church, communion was the culmination of the agapae or love feast that came after the formal service. The church fathers, such as Ignatius of Antioch, Pliny the Younger, Hyppolitus of Rome, Tertullian, and many others. Everyone shared a full meal together. It was what we call today a covered dish dinner, eaten as a symbol of unity and love.
Anyone who has ever attended a church social knows what a great time it can be. But we also know what headaches they can cause, as Paul writes in 1 Corinthians 11: 17-23.
In the following directives I have no praise for you, for your meetings do more harm than good. (In other words, Paul was really ticked off.)
18-19 In the first place, I hear that when you come together as a church, there are divisions among you, and to some extent I believe it. No doubt, there have to be differences among you to show which of you have God's approval.
Have you ever been to a covered dish in a church where people were not getting along? The fellowship hall becomes a war room, full of whispered conversations and angry looks. One group sits together at one table, while another group sits at another.
Disagreements don’t bother Paul. On the contrary, disagreements in the church are a healthy way of arriving at the truth. What bothered him was how they expressed their disagreement. Instead of seeing disagreements as opportunities for the common edification and growth, they were an occasion for pride, jealousy, even violence.
I once heard an elder threaten to lay a tire tool to the skull of another over a “theological disagreement.”
Some disagreements were over doctrine or practice. Some were over racial or ethnic differences. Many had to do with the way the church should relate to the world around them. Some were divisions between rich and poor. All were harmful to the peace of the church.
But these divisions were not the only problems--they weren’t even the worst problem.
20-21 When you come together, it is not the Lord's Supper you eat, for as you eat, each of you goes ahead without waiting for anybody else. One remains hungry, another gets drunk.
People seemed to have forgotten that this was a “love” feast. In their minds, it was just another covered dish. They were not asking the question “How can I used this as an opportunity to show my brothers and sisters how much I care for them?” Instead they were saying “How do I keep Peter from eating all the biscuits?”
The result of this was that those who were slower got nothing, while those who were faster got too much. So instead of it being a love feast, it was a gluttony festival—an all-you-can-eat night at Shoneys.
But even that was not the worst.
Don't you have homes to eat and drink in? Or do you despise the church of God and humiliate those who have nothing? What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you for this? Certainly not!
People watched what the others brought. Those who brought a lot thought they were getting cheated. Those who brought nothing resented those who did, because they were not bringing more. If people did not contribute to the meal they sent them home or made them get to the back of the line. Those who brought a lot got to go first.
Paul contrasted their attitude with Jesus’ at the Last Supper
23-26 For I received from the Lord what I also passed on to you: The Lord Jesus, on the night he was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, "This is my body, which is for you; do this in remembrance of me." In the same way, after supper he took the cup, saying, "This cup is the new covenant in my blood; do this, whenever you drink it, in remembrance of me." For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until he comes.
Paul begins. “The Lord Jesus On the same night he was betrayed.’
Why betrayed? Why not on the same night he was arrested? On the same night he prayed in the Garden of Gethsemane? Why not on the same night he washed his disciples feet?
Jesus knew Judas was betraying him, but he washed his feet anyway. He made sure the Judas got a good meal before he went out to betray him. He loved him and continued to love him whether he betrayed him or not. Jesus gave Judas a sop from his own hand, which meant that Judas had to be near Him in a place of honor. Love people regardless of what they do to you. Love your enemies and care for those with whom you disagree.
He broke bread and said, “this is My body.” Jesus was saying he is going to have His body broken for us just like that bread. He took the wine and said, “this is My blood.” He would bleed for us, because He loved us. If Jesus can be broken and bleed for us, maybe we can be a little bit nicer to each other.
For whenever you eat this bread or drink this cup, you show forth the Lord’s death until He comes.
Whenever you sit down to eat together, remember who you are. You are Christ’s Body, held together by the sacred sacrifice of Christ on the Cross. He bled and died for each one of us. When you sit at the table, we show ourselves to be His family.
In this context, verses 27 through 32 finally sense. I have never seen anyone get sick of die because he or she did not understand the mysteries of communion, but I have seen people get sick and even die because of bitterness, jealousy, and unforgiveness. I have not seen people get sick and die from grape juice and crackers, but I have seen churches get sick and die because they were forgotten by the people in the pew next to them, who regarded them not a sister or brother, but as a set decoration for the drama that is their more important lives.
When we have communion, where is the Body of Christ? The answer is easy--we are it. The Body of Christ are the people with whom we share this feast. When we don’t see Him there, and instead see them as merely human, then we miss the reason for communion and might as well eat juice and crackers alone in our rooms.
I urge you to look around this room, and see the Body of Christ, not just eating juice and crackers together, but humbling ourselves before the Lord in repentance and sorrow. Then we discern the Body together. This is the body that should concern us, not food and drink, but flesh and blood.
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